💯 Class 7 · Commercial maths

Percentage for Class 7: notes, worked examples and practice

A percentage is a fraction out of 100. It lets us compare marks, discounts, interest and growth on the same scale.

Updated 21 October 2026. Every worked example and answer on this page is checked by automated tests.

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Notes

Percentage: what you need to know

Chapter names and order differ by board and textbook edition, so follow your own textbook for the order.

What percent means

Percent means 'per hundred'. 45% is 45/100 = 0.45. To change a fraction to a percentage multiply by 100: 3/4 = 75%.

Percentage of a quantity

To find x% of N, multiply N by x/100. 15% of 240 is 0.15 × 240 = 36.

One quantity as a percentage of another

Divide the part by the whole and multiply by 100. 45 out of 60 is 45/60 × 100 = 75%.

Increase and decrease

Percentage change = (change ÷ original) × 100. A new value after an increase of r% is the original × (1 + r/100), and after a decrease it is original × (1 − r/100).

Discount

A discount is a percentage taken off the marked price. Price paid = marked price × (1 − discount/100).

Formulas and rules to remember

x% of N = (x ÷ 100) × N
Percentage = (part ÷ whole) × 100
% change = (new − old) ÷ old × 100
New value = old × (1 ± r/100)

Solved examples

Example 1

Find 15% of 240.

15% = 0.15.
0.15 × 240 = 36.

Answer: 36

Example 2

Write 45 out of 60 as a percentage.

45 ÷ 60 = 0.75.
0.75 × 100 = 75.

Answer: 75%

Example 3

A shirt marked ₹800 is sold at a 20% discount. What does it cost?

Discount = 20% of 800 = 160.
Price = 800 − 160 = ₹640.

Answer: ₹640

Example 4

A price rises from ₹250 to ₹300. Find the percentage increase.

Increase = 300 − 250 = 50.
50 ÷ 250 × 100 = 20.

Answer: 20%

Avoid these

Common mistakes

Using the wrong base

Percentage change is always measured against the original value, not the new one.

Adding successive discounts

10% off and then another 10% off is not 20% off. 100 becomes 90, then 81, so the total discount is 19%.

Forgetting to divide by 100

15% of 240 is 0.15 × 240, not 15 × 240.

10 practice questions with answers

Try each question on paper first, then tap it to check your answer. The questions are generated by code and each answer is checked.

75% of 260 =
Answer: 195
20% of 200 =
Answer: 40
10% of 60 =
Answer: 6
20% of 180 =
Answer: 36
25% of 220 =
Answer: 55
Increase 360 by 25%:
Answer: 450
Decrease 280 by 50%:
Answer: 140
Decrease 80 by 50%:
Answer: 40
Decrease 140 by 25%:
Answer: 105
Decrease 180 by 5%:
Answer: 171

More practice

Printable worksheets (PDF with answers)

Percentage of a number (Grade 5)
Percentage increase and decrease (Grade 7)

Games and lessons

Maths dictionary

What is a percentage?

Percentage calculator

Find X% of a number, what percent one number is of another, percentage change, add or take off a percentage, and reverse percentages.

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FAQ

Percentage Class 7: questions students ask

How do I find a percentage of a number?

Convert the percentage to a decimal and multiply. For 15% of 240 calculate 0.15 × 240 = 36.

How do I find the percentage increase?

Divide the increase by the original amount and multiply by 100.

How do I calculate a discount?

Find the percentage of the marked price and subtract it, or multiply the marked price by (1 − discount/100).

Can a percentage be more than 100?

Yes. 150% means one and a half times the original.

Which board is this percentage page for?

It covers the ideas taught in CBSE, ICSE and state-board maths. Chapter names and order differ by board and textbook edition, so follow your own textbook for the exact order.

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